Visual problems
The eye may be affected directly or indirectly by meningiomas. When the optic nerve is directly affected, it can cause monocular vision loss/blindness, diplopia. Direct damage can also cause loss of light reflex in the affected eye, loss of consensual light reflex in contralateral eye, and exophthalmos. The eye can be also affected indirectly due to raised intracranial pressure, leading to papilledema. If the cavernous sinus is involved, patients may have multiple cranial nerve palsies, and if the 3rd 4th and 6th cranial nerves are involved, it can lead to diplopia. The compression of the occipital lobe also leads to visual disturbances.